The holes on the OUTSIDE of the filter are the feed (pressure) side.
The center hole is the outflow of the filter into the oil system.
I had this wrong for decades, until I hooked up a remote oil filter/cooler system on the 466 built for my F-250.
The oil flows INTO the outside of the filter, and back into the engine from the center.
That is an oil filter defect.
Hopefully, no other pieces of that crap got into your engine; they look too big to go very far.
If you've got good oil pressure, and no obvious problems/noises, you may just be...